Meaning: inheritance, heritage, tradition, nobility. Name: Othalan, “inheritance.” Phoneme: O (long and/or short). Meaning: fertilization, the beginning of something, the actualization of potential. Name: Ingwaz, “the god Ingwaz.” Phoneme: Ng. Meaning: formlessness, chaos, potentiality, the unknown. Name: Ehwaz, “horse.” Phoneme: E (long and/or short). Name: Tiwaz, “the god Tiwaz.” Phoneme: T. Meaning: protection from enemies, defense of that which one loves. Name: unknown (the rune poems are contradictory). No one really knows, because the Viking Age and medieval sources are too vague.) (Note: the theory that this rune’s name was “Pertho” is just speculation. Name: Eihwaz, “yew.” Phoneme: I pronounced like “Eye.” Meaning: strength, stability. Name: Jera, “year.” Phoneme: Germanic J, modern English Y. Meaning: unknown (the rune poems are ambiguous and contradictory). Name: Isaz, “ice.” Phoneme: I (long and/or short). Name: Raidho, “journey on horseback.” Phoneme: R. Name: Ansuz, “an Aesir god.” Phoneme: A (long and/or short). Name: Thurisaz, “ Giant.” Phoneme: Th (both soft and hard). Name: Uruz, “aurochs.” Phoneme: U (long and/or short). The books on my list of The 10 Best Books on the Runes might help.) (If you’re interested in going beyond the evidence and using less academically acceptable means of discerning other meanings of the runes, you have to do that yourself. This article is hardly the place for esoteric speculations, which have been avoided.
Where our present knowledge isn’t extensive enough to give an explanation of which one can be reasonably certain, this is noted and the meaning is left unexplained or only partially explained. The given meanings are based on the medieval Rune Poems (which are conveniently available online here) exclusively. This section provides the sign, name, phoneme (sound), and short description of the meaning of each of the twenty-four runes that comprise the Elder Futhark. This page is the fourth part of a five-part article on the runes. Book Review: Neil Price’s The Viking Way: Magic and Mind in Late Iron Age Scandinavia.Who Were the Indo-Europeans and Why Do They Matter?.The Swastika – Its Ancient Origins and Modern (Mis)use.
Celtic runes how to#
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